Gating the charge state of a single molecule by local electric fields

The electron acceptor molecule TCNQ is found in either of two distinct integer charge states when embedded into a monolayer of a charge transfer-complex on a gold surface. Scanning tun- neling spectroscopy measurements identify these states through the presence/absence of a zero-bias Kondo resonance. Increasing the (tip-induced) electric field allows us to reversibly induce the ox- idation/reduction of TCNQ species from their anionic or neutral ground state, respectively. We show that the different ground states arise from slight variations in the underlying surface potential, pictured here as the gate of a three-terminal device.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

“Nlof Shoes Custom” Plan de empresa para una tienda de calzado deportivo

En el plan de empresa se llevará a cabo el desarrollo de esta nueva compañía, el análisis de mercado, su creación, sus productos, servicios, la diferenciación con respecto al resto de tienda de zapatillas, así como su plan de marketing y su ubicación e infraestructuras.Grado en Comerci

General expressions for the stress intensity factor of a one-point bend beam

The aim of this work is to find general expressions to determine the stress intensity factor of a one point bend beam like specimen, whether from the measurement of the applied load or the crack mouth opening displacement. The expressions, obtained by applying the superposition principle, involve the decomposition of the general case into three auxiliary problems. The solution of two of them (pure bending and three point bending) is well known, while the solution of the third (one point bending) is developed in the present work. The proposed expressions are compared to numerical results obtained by the finite element method and their accuracy is equal to or better than available expressions published elsewhere.Publicad

Determination of the dynamic stress intensity factor of a specimen under one-point bending from the measurement of the load-point displacement

6 pages.-- Issue title: "EURODYMAT 2006 - 8th International Conference on Mehanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading" (Dijon, France, Sep 11-15, 2006).The use of dynamic one-point bending tests as an alternative to three-point bending tests allows fracture properties such as dynamic initiation fracture toughness to be obtained at high strain rate. To perform this kind of test, experimental devices based on modifications of the Hopkinson bar can be used. Several authors have been proposed simplified procedures to obtain the dynamic stress intensity factor, K_I(t), considering the specimen as a Timoshenko cracked beam subjected to a concentrated load at the central cross-section. The disadvantage of this procedure is that normally it is difficult to measure the force applied to the specimen in the above-mentioned tests. Here a simplified method is proposed for the calculation of K_I(t), based on an analysis of the behaviour of a Timoshenko cracked beam, knowing the displacement of the point of loading, which can be measured more accurately than the applied load. The results were compared with those of a finite element numerical simulation and good agreement was found.Publicad

Disruptive behaviour in the spanish school system. Legislative development

En la actualidad el incremento de los problemas de disciplina en el aula supone una preocupación para el profesorado y un obstáculo para el desarrollo del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Para que la intervención educativa sea eficaz, es necesario diferenciar los distintos tipos de conflictos, abordándolos desde diversas perspectivas. En este artículo se ha realizado un análisis documental de las sucesivas leyes educativas españolas, buscando en cada una la frecuencia de aparición de palabras claves referidas al comportamiento del alumnado, se ha analizado la respuesta ante la conflictividad y la diferencia entre el abordaje de la conducta grave y la disruptiva, menos grave. Como resultado se observa una evolución positiva de la normativa, influida por una sociedad más concienciada de la importancia de un buen clima escolar para conseguir el sano desarrollo personal y mejor aprendizaje del alumnado. La ley actual diferencia entre conductas graves y leves y muestra una mayor preocupación, no solo por frenar el incremento de estos comportamientos, sino también por prevenirlos. Pero todavía queda mucho por avanzar, pues aún no se dan orientaciones claras que ayuden al profesorado a abordar las conductas leves de forma adecuada, pese a las dificultades que suponen para el proceso de aprendizaje.Nowadays, increasing discipline problems in the classroom have become a concern for teachers and an obstacle for the development of the teaching-learning process. To adequately develop an effective educational intervention, it is essential to distinguish between different types of conflicts and to approach them from different perspectives. This paper presents an analysis of the successive educational Spanish laws, specifically examining the frequency of appearance of those keywords regarding students’ behavior in each law. The responses provided to approach conflict were studied, differentiating from serious misconduct and less serious disruptive behavior.Results show a positive evolution of the Spanish regulations: This is due to the increase of social awareness regarding the importance of creating a favourable school environment to ensure a healthy personal development and better learning. The current law distinguishes misconduct and disruptive behavior and also expresses its concern about the increase in this kind of behavior and provides ways of preventing it. However, further progress is still to be achieved as there is a need for clear guidelines for teachers to properly deal with disruptive behavior. Despite the difficulties that this kind of behavior entail to the learning process, these recommendations are still not laid down despite the difficulties faced by the learning process

La segregación ocupacional y sectorial de la mujer en el mercado de trabajo español

La concentración de las mujeres y los hombres en diferentes ocupaciones y sectores constituye un hecho empírico fundamental de la distribución del empleo. El objetivo del presente trabajo es el análisis de la segregación de género por ocupaciones y por sectores en España, a partir de la Encuesta de la Población Activa (EPA). El análisis hace uso de varios indicadores de segregación, destacando el índice de disimilitud (ID) de Duncan y Duncan. Los resultados apuntan hacia una persistencia de niveles significativos de segregación de género en el mercado de trabajo español.

Gender Norms and Other Factors Explaining the Gender Gap in Students’ Entrepreneurial Inclination in Spain and Iceland

Young women still have a lower entrepreneurial inclination (EI) than young men in both a Latin society (Spain) and in a Nordic society (Iceland). Our data come from a survey conducted among university students who attended the Complutense University of Madrid and the University of Iceland. After constructing a set of variables and indicators that served as explanatory variables, and after conducting a statistical and regression analysis, this study provides evidence about the determinants of this gender gap in EI. The EI of male students was more sensitive to having higher self-confidence than in the case of female students. In turn, the EI of female students was more sensitive to both positive (enrichment) and negative (conflict) perspectives about the work–family interface than in the case of males. Additionally, the EI of students was positively related with entrepreneurial family antecedents, and with the level of parental income; and it was negatively related with their tolerance for risk. Some cross-cultural differences were also found between the Spanish and Icelandic samples

The “post-weanling’s conundrum”: exploring the impact of infant and child feeding practices on early mortality in the Bronze Age burial cave of Moro de Alins, north-eastern Iberia, through stable isotope analysis

Producción CientíficaThe relationship between infant and child feeding practices and early mortality is difficult to address in past societies. Here, stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope measurements of bulk bone and sequential dentine samples of deciduous second and/or permanent first molars of four younger children, one older child, one late adolescent, and two young adults (n = 8) from Moro de Alins cave, north-eastern Iberia, are used to explore the potential impact of early-life nutrition on mortality in the Bronze Age. Isotope results are compatible with generally short exclusive breastfeeding and standard weaning periods compared to other pre-modern populations. However, there are differences in exclusive breastfeeding mean δ13C values and in Δ13C trophic shifts between exclusive breastfeeding and immediate post-weaning isotope values for those individuals who survived into adolescence and adulthood and those who did not. While the former seem to be consistent with trophic distances published for modern mother–infant pairs, the latter are above most of them. This may suggest that individuals who consumed similar foods to their mothers or suffered from less physiological stress during or after weaning had greater chances of survival during early childhood and beyond. Post-weaning seems to have been a particularly stressful period of life, where a number of instances of patterns of opposing isotopic covariance compatible with catabolic changes, often preceding death among non-survivors, are detected. This outcome shows the key role of nutritional and/or physiological status in early-life morbidity and mortality among partially and especially fully weaned children from pre-antibiotic, pre-vaccination, and poor sanitation contexts and proposes that adult survival is rooted in early life experiences, in keeping with the developmental origins of health and disease.This work was supported and funded by the British Academy under the Newton International Fellowship NF170854European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 790491Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación under the project (HAR2015-65620-P)Publicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCL